Zhi-De Deng, PhD

Engineer | Physicist | Brain Stimulation Researcher

Full-Time Awesome Person

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About Zhi

Dr. Deng is the Director of the Computational Neurostimulation Research Program within the Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit at the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program. He earned the SB degree in physics, SB and MEng in electrical engineering and computer science, with a minor in economics, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He completed PhD and MPhil in electrical engineering, with a graduate concentration in neuroscience, at Columbia University. He completed postdoctoral training at Duke University, followed by a research fellowship at NIMH.

Dr. Deng's research focuses on three principal areas: 1) understanding the physics and biophysics of neurostimulation, 2) optimizing therapeutic dosing and individualization, and 3) advancing noninvasive brain stimulation technology development via model-driven design. His pivotal work in electric field modeling for transcranial magnetic stimulation is widely cited and provided evidence that informed regulatory clearance of TMS therapeutic systems. He has received the NIMH Director's Award for scientific innovation at the interface of computationa and psychiatry, as well as career development award from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and NARSAD Young Investigator Award, which supported his pioneering efforts in developing next-generation seizure therapy. Dr. Deng is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a Full Member of the Sigma Xi Scientific Research Honor Society. His vision is to transform psychiatry through engineering innovation.

He has an Erdős number of 4 (who doesn't?). When not working at one of his three jobs, he's performing magic or hanging out with his pets—who, by the way, have their own Instagram page. Feel free to follow for updates. Or, you could do something productive with your life... but that's not recommended.

Papers

Modeling Tool

A BEM-FMM TMS coil designer using MATLAB platform

D Tang, W Wartman, A Nummenmaa, M Daneshzand, GM Noetscher, H Lu, ZD Deng, SN Makaroff

Brain Stimul, online ahead of print, 2025. PMID: 39755366. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.11.011

MST

Comparing the neurocognitive effects of right-unilateral ultra-brief pulse electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy for the treatment of major depressive episode

SM McClintock, ZD Deng, MM Husain, VJ Thakkar, E Bernhardt, RD Weiner, B Luber, SH Lisanby

Biol Psychiatry CNNI, 10(2), 2025. PMID: 39515580. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.016

Simulation Method

Real-time computation of brain E-field for enhanced transcranial magnetic stimulation neuronavigation and optimization

NI Hasan, M Dannhauer, D Wang, ZD Deng, LJ Gomez

Imag Neurosci, 3:imag_a_00412. DOI: 10.1162/imag_a_00412

Visual Search

Site- and frequency-specific enhancement of visual search performance with online individual alpha frequency (IAF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the inferior frontal junction

B Luber, L Beynel, ZD Deng, LG Appelbaum, T Jones, A Harrison, DLK Murphy, E Lo, RA McKinley, SH Lisanby

Cereb Cortex, 34(9): bhae371, 2024. PMCID: PMC11405677. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae371

ECT Modeling

Computational models of high-definition electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for focal or multitargeting treatment

N Khadka, ZD Deng, SH Lisanby, M Bikson, JA Camprodon

J ECT, online ahead of print, 2024. PMID: 39185880. DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000001069

TMS Technique

Ultra-high frequency repetitive TMS at subthreshold intensity induces suprathreshold motor response via temporal summation

H Nguyen, CQ Li, S Hoffman, ZD Deng, Y Yang, H Lu

J Neural Eng, 21(4): 046044, 2024. PMCID: PMC11307324. DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad692f

Modeling

Enabling electric field model of microscopically realistic brain

Z Qi, GM Noetscher, A Miles, K Weise, TR Knösche, CR Cadman, AR Potashinsky, K Liu, WA Wartman, G Nunez Ponasso, M Bikson, H Lu, ZD Deng, AR Nummenmaa, SN Makaroff

Brain Stimul, 18(1) 77–93. PMID: 39710004. DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.12.1192

MEG

Electroconvulsive therapy modulates loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials: A pilot MEG study

M Dib, JD Lewine, CC Abbott, ZD Deng

Front Psychiatry, 15: 1434434, 2024. PMCID: PMC11345267. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1434434

Modeling

An adaptive h-refinement method for the boundary element fast multipole method for quasi-static electromagnetic modeling

WA Wartman, K Weise, M Rachh, L Morales, ZD Deng, AR Nummenmaa, SN Makaroff

Phys Med Biol, 69(5): 055030, 2024. PMCID: PMC10902857. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2638

iTBS

Intermittent theta-burst stimulation to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may increase potentiated startle in healthy individuals

M Teferi, H Gura, M Patel, A Casalvera, KG Lynch, W Makhoul, ZD Deng, DJ Oathes, YI Sheline, NL Balderston

Neuropsychopharmacology, 49(10): 1619–1629, 2024. PMCID: PMC11319663. DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01871-w

Online TMS

Lessons learned from an fMRI-guided rTMS study on performance in a numerical Stroop task

L Beynel, H Gura, Z Rezaee, EC Ekpo, ZD Deng, JO Joseph, P Taylor, B Luber, SH Lisanby

PLOS ONE, 9(5): e0302660, 2024. PMCID: PMC11073721. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302660

sTMS

Electric field characteristics of rotating permanent magnet stimulation

PL Robin, SN Makaroff, M Dib, SH Lisanby, ZD Deng

Bioengineering, 11(3): 258, 2024. PMCID: PMC10968657. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030258

ECT Dosing

Amplitude-determined seizure-threshold, electric field modeling, and electroconvulsive therapy antidepressant and cognitive outcomes

CC Abbott, J Miller, D Farrar, M Argyelan, M Lloyd, T Squillaci, B Kimbrell, S Ryman, TR Jones, J Upston, DK Quinn, AV Peterchev, E Erhardt, A Datta, SM McClintock, ZD Deng

Neuropsychopharmacology, 49(4): 640–648, 2024. PMCID: PMC10876627. DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01780-4

MST

Clinical outcomes of magnetic seizure therapy vs electroconvulsive therapy for major depressive episode: A randomized clinical trial

Deng ZD, Luber B, McClintock SM, Weiner RD, Husain MM, Lisanby SH

JAMA Psychiatry, 81(3): 240–249, 2024. PMCID: PMC10701670. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4599

ECT Review

How electroconvulsive therapy works in the treatment of depression: Is it the seizure, the electricity, or both?

ZD Deng, B Luber, SM McClintock, RD Weiner, MM Husain, SH Lisanby

Neuropsychopharmacology, 49(1): 150–162, 2024. PMCID: PMC10700353. DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01677-2

TMS Modeling Review

Electric field modeling in personalizing TMS interventions

M Dannhauer, LJ Gomez, PL Robins, D Wang, NI Hasan, A Thielscher, HR Siebner, Y Fan, ZD Deng

Biol Psychiatry, 95(6): 494–501, 2024. PMCID: PMC10922371. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.022

ECT Imaging

Electroconvulsive therapy-induced volumetric brain changes converge on a common causal circuit in depression

M Argyelan, ZD Deng, OT Ousdal, L Oltedal, B Angulo, M Baradits, AJ Spitzberg, U Kessler, A Sartorius, A Dols, KL Narr, R Espinoza, JA van Waarde, I Tendolkar, P van Eijndhoven, GA van Wingen, A Takamiya, T Kishimoto, MB Jorgensen, A Jorgensen, OB Paulson, A Yrondi, P Péran, C Soriano-Mas, N Cardoner, M Cano, L van Diermen, D Schrijvers, J-B Belge, L Emsell, F Bouckaert, M Vandenbulcke, M Kiebs, R Hurlemann, PC Mulders, R Redlich, U Dannlowski, E Kavakbasi, MD Kritzer, KK Ellard, JA Camprodon, G Petrides, AK Malhotra, CC Abbott

Mol Psychiatry, 29(2): 229–237, 2024. PMCID: PMC11116108. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02318-2

TMS Meta-Analysis

The efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: An umbrella review of meta-analyses

SK Kar, A Agrawal, A Silva-dos-Santos, Y Gupta, ZD Deng

CNS Spectr, 29(2): 109–118, 2024. PMCID: PMC11524532. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923006387

BMI and BD

The impact of body mass index on clinical features of bipolar disorder: A STEP-BD study

B Kadriu, ZD Deng, C Kraus, JN Johnston, A Figtman, ID Henter, S Kasper, CA Zarate Jr

Bipolar Disord, 26(2): 160–175, 2024. PMCID: PMC10839568. DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13370

TMS Modeling

A fast direct solver for surface-based whole-head modeling of transcranial magnetic stimulation

SN Makaroff, Z Qi, M Rachh, WA Wartman, K Weise, GM Noetscher, M Daneshzand, ZD Deng, L Greengard, AR Nummenmaa

Sci Rep, 13(1): 18657, 2023. PMCID: PMC10618282. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45602-5

Closed-loop tACS

Alpha oscillatory activity is causally linked to working memory retention

X Chen, R Ma, W Zhang, GQ Zeng, Q Wu, A Yimiti, X Xia, J Cui, Q Liu, X Meng, J Bu, Q Chen, Y Pan, NX Yu, S Wang, ZD Deng, AT Sack, M McLaughlin, X Zhang

PLoS Biol, 21(2): e3001999, 2023. PMCID: PMC9983870. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001999

TMS Modeling

Modelling the differential effects of age on transcranial magnetic stimulation induced electric fields

M Alwai, PF Lee, ZD Deng, YK Goh, PE Croarkin

J Neural Eng, 20(2): 026016, 2023. PMCID: PMC10278869. DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9a76

BMI and MDD

Body mass index and clinical outcomes in individuals with major depressive disorder: Findings from the GSRD European Multicenter Database

C Kraus, A Kautzky, V Watzal, A Gramser, B Kadriu, ZD Deng, L Bartova, CA Zarate Jr, R Lanzenberger, D Souery, S Montgomery, J Mendlewicz, J Zohar, G Fanelli, A Serretti, S Kasper

J Affect Disord, 335: 349–357, 2023. PMCID: PMC10502963. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.042

TMS Modeling

Optimizing TMS coil placement approaches for targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depressed adolescents: An electric field modeling study

ZD Deng, PL Robins, M Dannhauer, LM Haugen, JD Port, PE Croarkin

Biomedicines, 11(8): 2320, 2023. PMCID: PMC10452519. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082320

ECT Imaging

Cerebro-cerebellar functional neuroplasticity mediates the effect of electric field on electroconvulsive therapy outcomes

Z Fu, CC Abbott, J Miller, ZD Deng, SM McClintock, MSE Sendi, J Sui, VD Calhoun

Transl Psychiatry, 13(1): 43, 2023. PMCID: PMC9902462. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02312-w

TMS Modeling

Modeling transcranial magnetic stimulation coil with magnetic cores

SN Makaroff, H Nguyen, Q Meng, H Lu, AR Nummenmaa, ZD Deng

J Neural Eng, 20(1): 016028, 2023. PMCID: PMC10481791. DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acae0d

ECT EEG

Electric field, ictal theta power, and clinical outcomes in electroconvulsive therapy

J Miller, T Jones, J Upston, ZD Deng, SM McClintock, E Erhardt, D Farrar, CC Abbott

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging, 8(7): 760–767, 2023. PMCID: PMC10329999. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.03.001

cTBS

Continuous theta burst stimulation to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may increases potentiated startle in healthy individuals

M Teferi, W Wakhoul, ZD Deng, DJ Oathes, YI Sheline, NL Balderston

Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci, 3(3): 470–479, 2023. PMCID: PMC10382694. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.04.001

ECT Modeling

Impact of modeled field of view in electroconvulsive therapy current flow simulations

A Guillen, CC Abbott, ZD Deng, Y Huang, P Pascoal-Faria, DQ Truong, A Datta

Front Psychiatry, 14: 1168672, 2023. PMCID: PMC10232815. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1168672

OCT

2024

IEEE Brain Workshop

Zhi presented at the IEEE Brain Discovery & Neurotechnology Workshop, University of Illinois, on A model-driven approach to personalized neuromodulation treatment.

JUL

2024

NIMH Workshop

Zhi presented at the NIMH Placebo Workshop on Translational Research Domains and Key Questions, on Challenges and strategies in implementing effective sham stimulation for noninvasive brain stimulation trials.

MAY

2024

ISMRM, Singapore

Zhi presented at International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine annual meeting, panel on MRI of neuromodulation using TMS and FUS.

AUG

2023

BHBM, Boston

Zhi presented at Brain and Human Body Modeling Conference, on Effects of low intensity magnetic stimulation.

AUG

2024

Symposium on Novel Neuromodulation

Zhi presented at the International Symposium on Novel Neuromodulation Techniques for Neurocognitive Disorders, on Model driven brain stimulation treatments.

JUN

2024

OHBM, Seoul

Zhi presented at Organization for Human Brain Mapping annual meeting, on Characterizing hippocampal activation with magnetoencephalography using the mnemonic similarity task.

OCT

2023

Advanced Research Institute

Zhi presented at ARI Grand Rounds in Mental Health and Aging Research, on Neurostimulation revolution: Advancing treatment optimization and technology innovation.

JUL

2023

EMBC, Sydney

Zhi presented at the 45th Annual Internation Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, panel on Computational analysis of non-invasive neuromodulation constructs: Brain and spine.

Awards

Keep in Touch

+1 301 594 0387

10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892

zzzdeng@alum.mit.edu



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